CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Abstract

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects mostly people/families with a history of allergies that characterized by itchy papules form, which then excoriated and lichenificated, and its distribution in the crease (flexural) body. Factors that cause atopic dermatitis are a combination of genetic factors and the environment factors such as damage to the skin function, infection, stress, and others. The main symptoms of atopic dermatitis is itching/pruritus which appear throughout the day and night and become heavy in the night and acute eczematous lesions (erythematous plaques, prurigo papules, papulovesikel), subacute lesions (thickening and plaque excoriation), and chronic lesions (lichenification). The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on clinical findings,  allergy testing and laboratory findings by Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria, Svennson scores, William criteria, and Score in Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD).

Keywords: allergies, atopic, chronic inflammatory skin disease, dermatitis

Abstrak

Dermatitis atopik adalah suatu peradangan kulit kronik dan residif (atau sekelompok gangguan yang berkaitan), yang sering ditemukan pada penderita rhinitis alergika dan asma serta diantara para anggota keluarga mereka, yang ditandai dengan kelainan kulit berupa papul gatal, yang kemudian mengalami ekskoriasi dan likenifikasi, distribusinya di lipatan (fleksural) tubuh. Faktor penyebab dermatitis atopik merupakan kombinasi faktor genetik (turunan) dan  lingkungan seperti kerusakan fungsi kulit, infeksi, stres, dan lain-lain. Gejala utama dermatitis atopik adalah gatal/pruritus yang muncul sepanjang hari dan memberat ketika malam hari dan disertai lesi eksematous akut (plak eritematosa, prurigo papules, papulovesikel), subakut (penebalan dan plak ekskoriasi), dan kronik (likenifikasi). Penegakkan diagnosis dermatitis atopik didasarkan pada temuan klinis dan uji alergi serta uji laboratorium dengan menggunakan beberapa kriteria diagnosis, diantaranya kriteria Hanifin dan Rajka, skor Svennson, kriteria William, dan Score in Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD).

Kata kunci: alergi, atopik, dermatitis, peradangan kulit kronik