Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources

Therapeutic Potential of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Skin Collagen Hydrogel in Third Degree Burn Wound Healing: A Systematic Review

2026-05-30T10:27:15+00:00

Third-degree burn wounds represent a severe medical challenge, often resulting in extensive tissue damage, prolonged recovery, and significant morbidity. Current therapeutic approaches frequently face limitations, including inadequate healing, infection risks, and suboptimal cosmetic outcomes. Advanced wound dressings are sought to enhance regeneration and functional recovery. This systematic review synthesises the existing literature on the therapeutic potential of snakehead fish (Channa striata) skin collagen hydrogels for third-degree burn wound healing. Methodologically, a comprehensive search was conducted across three major databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to identify studies published between 2015 and 2026. The review scrutinises the characteristics of snakehead fish skin collagen, including its extraction methods and physicochemical properties, alongside the specific attributes of hydrogels, such as thermosensitivity and the integration of nanoemulsions. Furthermore, it details the complex mechanisms of burn wound healing and evaluates the documented effectiveness of fish collagen-based hydrogels in preclinical models of severe burns. A comparative analysis with conventional dressings highlights the unique advantages and existing limitations of this biomaterial. The synthesis reveals a scarcity of specific studies focusing on Channa striata skin collagen hydrogels for third-degree burns, with most research concentrating on general fish collagen or less severe burn models. Identified research gaps include the need for more targeted formulations, comprehensive preclinical evaluations in third-degree burn models, and subsequent clinical translation. This review underscores the promising biocompatibility and regenerative capacity of snakehead fish skin collagen hydrogels, positioning them as a viable direction for future wound care innovation, provided these research limitations are addressed.

Innovative Formulation of a Facial Serum Using Avocado Oil (Persea americana Mill.) as a Facial Skin Moisturizer

2026-05-30T10:19:59+00:00

Ultraviolet radiation, temperature, and humidity can cause a reduction in the skin's moisture content, leading to dryness. Therefore, an effective moisturizing preparation is required to maintain skin hydration. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil is known to contain unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and antioxidants, making it a potential natural moisturizer. This study aimed to formulate a facial serum utilizing avocado oil as the active ingredient and to evaluate its physical characteristics, stability, and moisturizing activity. An experimental approach was employed, creating four facial serum formulations with avocado oil concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The evaluations encompassed organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, phase separation, and emulsion type. Physical stability was assessed using the cycling test method, and moisturizing activity was evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that all formulations exhibited good physical characteristics, were homogeneous, experienced no phase separation, were oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, and possessed pH values compatible with the skin's physiological pH. The preparations maintained physical stability following the cycling test. Furthermore, the moisturizing activity tests revealed that an increased concentration of avocado oil enhanced the moisturizing efficacy, with formula F3 (15%) yielding the highest moisture values: 52.830% before the cycling test and 42.970% afterward. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the avocado oil-based facial serum, particularly formula F3, demonstrates the potential to be developed as a stable, safe, and effective facial skin moisturizer

Formation And Characterization Of Ketoprofen-L-Arginine Co-Amorph Using Neat Grinding Method And Its Effect On Ketoprofen Dissolution Rate

2026-05-30T12:07:29+00:00

Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Ketoprofen belongs to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II, characterized by high permeability and low solubility. This condition limits the drug absorption process and consequently results in a delayed therapeutic effect. Therefore, efforts are required to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of ketoprofen. This study aimed to enhance the dissolution rate of ketoprofen through the formation of ketoprofen–l-arginine co-amorphous systems at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The co-amorphous systems were prepared using the neat grinding method and characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffractometry (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy analysis, solubility testing, and dissolution rate profiling. The results indicated the successful formation of ketoprofen–l-arginine co-amorphous systems. DSC thermogram analysis showed endothermic peaks in the range of 70–240°C, while XRD spectra revealed the absence of new crystalline habit formation. Solubility testing demonstrated an increase of 3.38-, 3.21-, and 2.95-fold for the respective formulations. All ketoprofen–l-arginine co-amorphous samples were able to significantly enhance the dissolution rate of ketoprofen.

Formulation and Evaluation of a Cleansing Balm Stick Containing Grape Seed Oil as a Candidate Facial Cleanser

2026-06-14T12:58:10+00:00

Cosmetic cleansers function to remove dirt and residual makeup from the skin surface. Cleansing balm is an oil-based cleansing formulation that works through the dissolution of lipophilic compounds on the skin. Grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera L.), which is rich in fatty acids, has the potential to enhance cleansing effectiveness and can therefore be formulated into a cleansing balm stick. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and cleansing efficacy of a cleansing balm stick containing grape seed oil. The formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of grape seed oil: 0% (F0), 10% (F1), 20% (F2), and 30% (F3). Evaluation of physical characteristics included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and melting point. The cleansing efficacy test was conducted using the NIKKOL method and verified with an oil control film. The results showed that all formulations exhibited good physical characteristics, were homogeneous, and met the required standards for pH, spreadability, and melting point for topical preparations. Formula F2, containing 20% grape seed oil, demonstrated the most optimal cleansing effectiveness, as indicated by the absence of stains or oil residue after rinsing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that cleansing balm sticks containing 10–30% grape seed oil possess good physical characteristics, with the optimal formulation at 20% concentration showing the best cleansing effectiveness.

Drug-Related Problems in Tuberculosis Inpatients: Clinical Relevance and Influence on Hospital Stay Duration

2026-05-30T10:34:35+00:00

Pulmonary tuberculosis ranks as the second most widespread infectious disease worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its treatment requires the use of multiple medications, especially for inpatients and individuals with comorbidities. The greater the number of drugs used, the higher the likelihood of experiencing Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) throughout the treatment process. This study was conducted to examine the DRPs among pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients at RSUD Kota Kendari in 2023. This study employed a retrospective observational design with a descriptive-analytic approach. Study population consisted of all patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to RSUD Kota Kendari during the study period. The sample was selected using a total sampling technique, including all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. DRPs identification followed the guidelines of the PCNE version 9.00. From a clinical standpoint, results showed most frequent comorbidity was type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the most common coexisting condition was dyspnea. Regarding pharmacological treatment, 71.6% of patients received first-line anti-TB drugs during the intensive phase, 6.4% were in the continuation phase, and 22.0% were administered the second-line drug, levofloxacin. The most common DRPs were found in domain C1.4 (inappropriate drug combinations) at 94.6%, followed by domain P1.3 (untreated indications) at 2.2%, domain C1.6 (therapy not provided or incomplete despite indication) at 2.2%, and domain P2.1 (potential adverse drug reactions) at 1.1%. The chi-square test indicated no significant correlation between therapeutic outcomes and DRPs (p = 0.169); however, a significant relationship was observed between the length of hospital stay and DRP occurrence (p = 0.00). These findings underscore the importance of pharmacotherapy monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to minimize DRPs, especially in patients receiving complex tuberculosis treatment regimens.