Journal of Pharmaceutical and Natural Resources

Optimization of Tween 80 and Span 80 Combination in the Formulation of Niacinamide-Containing Body Lotion

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Body lotion is a liquid emulsion preparation consisting of an oil phase and a water phase stabilized by emulsifiers, functioning to maintain skin moisture and provide protection. One of the most widely used active ingredients in current cosmetic formulations is niacinamide, known for its effectiveness in brightening the skin, enhancing the skin barrier function, and reducing hyperpigmentation. The success of a body lotion formulation depends largely on the appropriate selection and concentration of emulsifiers to achieve emulsion stability and optimal physical characteristics. This study aimed to optimize the combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 emulsifiers in a body lotion formulation containing niacinamide using a 2² factorial design method with the assistance of Design-Expert software. The formulation was evaluated based on several physical parameters, including pH, adhesiveness, spreadability, viscosity, homogeneity, emulsion type, and physical stability, as well as a hedonic test assessing color, odor, and texture. Optimization results indicated that the best formulation was obtained from a combination of 1% Tween 80 and 10% Span 80. The resulting product had a pH of 6.4, adhesiveness of 112 seconds, spreadability of 6.1 cm, viscosity of 16,568.3 cps, good homogeneity, and demonstrated a stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type without phase separation. Therefore, the optimum combination of Tween 80 and Span 80 in concentrations of 1% and 10%, respectively, yields a physically stable niacinamide-containing body lotion.

The Association of Herbal Medicine Consumption Habits with Quality of Life Among Farmers with Chronic Diseases

suharmantoarman suharmanto — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic diseases can occur due to unhealthy lifestyle changes that disrupt daily activities and decrease quality of life. This study aims to analyse the association of herbal medicine consumption habits with quality of life among farmers with chronic diseases.

This study is an observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted in Marga Agung Village, Jati Agung District, South Lampung in May-October 2024. The variables used were herbal medicine consumption habits and quality of life. Sampling technique using simple random sampling of 42 farmers. The sample inclusion criteria in this study include aged 25-65 years, able to read and write, and willing to be respondents. The exclusion criteria in this study include households that have a history of disease complications. The independent variables in this study is herbal medicine consumption habits and dependent variable is quality of life. Herbal medicine consumption habits was measured using a questionnaire and quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which has 4 domains consisting of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and family environment. The collected data was then edited, coded, processed, and cleaned. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test. There is a association between the herbal medicine consumption habit and quality of life in the psychological and environmental domains, but it is not related to the physical and social dimensions.

Optimization of a Niacinamide Moisturizing Cream Formula Using a Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil and Tea Tree Oil as the Oil Phase

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The skin is one of the most important organs of the body to function as a protective barrier against the prevention of water and electrolyte loss. This causes dry skin to look dull, scaly, rough surface, and evenly dry white areas. then facial skin care is needed, one of which is to use moisturizers containing ingredients that work with mechanisms (occlusive), (humectant), and (emollient). The dosage form of moisturizer that is often used is cream. The combination of VCO and tea tree oil as active ingredients in this moisturizing cream formula is expected to have a synergistic effect in increasing the effectiveness of the cream in overcoming dry skin. VCO and tea tree oil are safe to use in skin moisturizing formulations. the purpose of this study is to determine the Optimization of the Niacinamide Moisturizing Cream Formula Combination of VCO and Tea tree oil as an Oil Phase and use a Software Design Expert to determine the physical characteristics and stability of the preparation. Optimization of moisturizing cream formula using factorial design method 22 with VCO factor and Tea tree oil and using viscosity response, dispersion, and adhesion. The stability test compares tests from organoleptic, pH, dispersion, adhesion, and homogeneity before and after phase separation tests and cycling tests. Based on the test results of this study, an optimum formula using VCO and Tea tree oil was obtained showing good dosage characteristics in the form of good organoleptic tests, viscosity before cycling test 12328.735 and after cycling test 12328.731, average pH 6.1 before cycling test and 6.5 after cycling test, average dispersion 6.6 before cycling test and cycling test 6.6, Adhesion 86.33 seconds before cycling test and after cycling test 85.67 seconds after cycling test and homogeneity test showed homogeneous preparations both before and after cycling test. All test values of the characteristics of moisturizing creams that have been stored meet the stability test requirements based on their test parameters.

Systematic Review: Mechanism of Ginger (Zingiber offinale) as Anti-inflammatory

Dwi Monika Ningrum, Denih Agus Setia Permana, Atri Sri Ulandari — Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The appearance of inflammation is a hallmark of a large number of human diseases, ranging from infection to neurodegeneration. In the treatment of inflammation, a group of drugs that are widely given are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Long-term use of NSAIDs can result in various side effects, namely gastrointestinal disorders, damage to the kidneys, and cardiovascular disorders. Given the side effects that can be caused by the use of NSAIDs, other alternatives are needed to overcome and reduce inflammation. One of the plants that can be used to treat inflammation is ginger.

This journal review was conducted by reviewing electronic journals related to the use of ginger as an anti-inflammatory mechanism with the study report method. The inclusion criteria used include ginger as an anti-inflammatory, journals from 2008-2012, journals are scientific journals, in vitro and in vivo, free full text, while the exclusion criteria are the benefits of ginger not as an anti-inflammatory.

Ginger as an anti-inflammatory has several mechanisms including inhibiting macrophage activation, increasing endogenous antioxidant activity, inhibiting the production of PGE2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and cyclooxygenase. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase is selective only for COX-2 activity. COX-1 inhibition is associated with gastrointestinal irritation, selective inhibition of COX-2 will help minimize side effects.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance During Early Rollout in Urban and Rural Communities of Lampung Province

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study was conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Indonesia and aimed to assess the correlation between knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in the community of Umbul Niti Village, Jati Agung Sub-district, South Lampung. Umbul Niti Village can be used as an illustration of the village community's acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, because it is located not far from Bandar Lampung City. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross sectional approach. The instrument used was the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire. A total of 350 respondents, more than half of them (62.85%) had good knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, along with 94% of respondents showing a positive attitude towards vaccine acceptance. Based on the acceptance survey or vaccine acceptance by the community in several provinces, 64.8% stated that they accepted, 27.6% “did not know” and 7.6% “refused”. The success of the vaccination program is largely determined by the level of public acceptance in an effort to achieve herd immunity. Based on statistical analysis, it is known that attitudes and beliefs have a significant relationship with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (p<0.05). The majority of respondents also viewed the COVID-19 vaccine as safe. Overall, the respondents' level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was good, with attitudes and beliefs playing an important role in influencing vaccine acceptance. These findings can form the basis of risk communication strategies for future vaccination programs.